Montmorillonite-based heterogeneous catalysts for efficient organic reactions

Abstract In this review, we give a brief overview of recently developed montmorillonite-based heterogeneous catalysts used for efficient organic reactions. Cation-exchanged montmorillonite catalysts, metal supported on montmorillonite, and an interlayer design selective catalysis are introduced discussed. traditional syntheses, homogeneous acids salts were as but the difficulty in separation from products was bottleneck when considering industrialization. The use solid is one major solutions to overcome problem. Montmorillonite can be catalyst and/or support. This clay material exhibits strong acidity stabilizing effect active species, such nanoparticles, due its unique layered structure. These advantages have led development catalysts. Acidic proton-exchanged high catalytic activity activation electrophiles, alcohols, alkenes, even alkanes. interlayer/surface also functions good support various species oxidation carbon-carbon bond forming structure enables reactions stabilization catalytically species.